Certain congenital anomalies may not be apparent at birth but are detected later in life. Among these, prevalent conditions include atrial septal defects (ASD) when a hole occurs between the upper chambers of the heart, and ventricular septal defects (VSD) when the opening is between the lower chambers. Another notable congenital cardiac issue is Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), characterized by a combination of four distinct problems.
Addressing these conditions often necessitates open-heart surgeries, wherein the surgeon temporarily halts heart circulation using a heart-lung machine. The corrective procedures involve the strategic application of various types of patches to either close the intra-cardiac hole or redirect the blood flow in a more typical manner. These intricate interventions aim to restore normal cardiac function and mitigate the potential complications associated with congenital heart anomalies.
