Sudden Cardiac Arrest vs. Heart Attack: Understanding the Difference

When it comes to heart-related emergencies, two commonly confused terms are sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and heart attack (myocardial infarction). While both are life-threatening conditions, they have different causes, symptoms, and treatments. Understanding the difference can be lifesaving. In this article, we will break down these conditions and highlight essential facts, including common cholesterol myths and their role in heart health. Dr. Vaibhav Mishra, one of the best heart surgeons in Max Hospitals, explains everything you need to know.

What is a Heart Attack?

A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, usually due to a blood clot or plaque buildup in the coronary arteries. Without sufficient blood supply, the heart muscle begins to die, leading to serious complications or even death if not treated immediately.

Symptoms of a Heart Attack:

• Chest pain or discomfort (pressure, squeezing, or fullness)
• Pain in the jaw, neck, back, arm, or shoulder
• Shortness of breath
• Cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness
• Fatigue or weakness, especially in women

Causes of a Heart Attack:

• High cholesterol levels leading to plaque buildup
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
• Diabetes and obesity
• Sedentary lifestyle and poor diet

What to Do in Case of a Heart Attack?

• Call emergency medical services (108 in India) immediately.
• Chew aspirin (unless allergic) to help thin the blood.
• Stay calm and try to keep breathing steady.
• If trained, use CPR if the person is unconscious.

What is Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA)?

A sudden cardiac arrest is an electrical malfunction in the heart that causes it to stop beating unexpectedly. Unlike a heart attack, which is a circulation problem, SCA is an electrical problem leading to loss of heart function, breathing, and consciousness within seconds.

Symptoms of Sudden Cardiac Arrest:

• Sudden collapse with no response
• No pulse or breathing
• Loss of consciousness
• Occasionally, gasping or seizure-like movements

Causes of Sudden Cardiac Arrest:

• Coronary artery disease (CAD)
• Heart attack history (Heart attacks can sometimes trigger SCA)
• Heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias)
• Genetic conditions
• Severe electrolyte imbalance (potassium, magnesium levels)

What to Do in Case of Sudden Cardiac Arrest?

• Call an ambulance immediately.
• Start CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) to maintain blood flow.
• Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) if available.
• Continue CPR until medical help arrives.

Key Differences Between a Heart Attack and Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Dr. Vaibhav Mishra, one of the best heart surgeons in Max Hospitals, emphasizes the importance of recognizing these differences and acting quickly in emergencies.